Mcgratha, fangjie zhaoa, arothamsted research, harpenden, hertfordshire al5 2jq, uk b school of earth and space sciences, university of science and technology of china, hefei, anhui 230026, china. Pteris vittata is the first identified naturally evolving as hyperaccumulator. Among the 106 pteris species examined, 43 40% are diploid, the most common cytotype in this genus figure 1. The impact of heavy metals on antioxidant polyphenols of this hyperaccumulator fern was also analysed 2g. Five sample locations were randomly selected from each site, and soils from the base and 3 m away from each fern were collected to examine the effects of naturally occurring soil as on the. Both species are similar in having 1pinnateimparipinnate laminae, entire and linear pinnae, and free venation with simple or furcate veins. Coenosori are marginal, borne continuously on a vascular commissure connected with vein ends. Thus the sporangia of pteris form a continuous linear sorus along the margin, hence the individuality of sori is lost. Learn about pteris vittata benzilan benzilan chinese table. Ang espesye gibahinbahin ngadto sa matang nga nahiubos. Among the remaining 40 polyploid species 38%, there are triploids, 26 tetraploids, and 1 octoploid. Arsenichyperaccumulator pteris vittata is efficient in as uptake, probably through phosphate transporters pht. Engineering arsenic tolerance and hyperaccumulation in. Phytoextraction and phytovolatilization of arsenic from as.
Many of them have linear frond segments, and some have subpalmate division. Microbial communities and functional genes associated with. Many interesting traits are inherent in various fern species, such as arsenic hyperaccumulation pteris vittata. To understand how microbial communities and functional genes respond to arsenic contamination in the rhizosphere of pteris vittata, five soil samples with different arsenic contamination levels were collected from the rhizosphere of p. Pityrogramma, or the gold and silverbacked ferns, consists of about 16 tropical species, which are occasionally. Pteris vittata the danger of arsenic leaching from treated woods into childrens play areas has made the news in south florida recently. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Pteris vittata chinese brake or ladder brake fern in particular is a promising choice for phytoremediation.
A member of the phosphate transporter 1 pht1 family from. Pteris brake is a genus of about 300 species of ferns in the pteridoideae subfamily of the pteridaceae. T r yon and t r yon 1982 is a subtropical fern of the old w orld, with disjunct outliers in the southern. These are slightly sunken, curved and elliptical to oval shape. Sem revealed that the epidermal cells of the pinnae were elongated with raised periclinal and sinuous anticlinal walls.
Ang pteris vittata sakop sa kahenera nga pteris sa kabanay nga pteridaceae matang nga nahiubos. Arsenic as pollution is a global problem, and the plantbased cleanup of contaminated soils, called phytoremediation, is therefore of great interest. After 56 month of culture, callus induction from croziers was about 70% with half strength ms supplemented with bap 0. Four kinds of sporangia, 16, 32, and 64spored and sporangia with unequal spores. The light green lacy compound fronds may reach 2 m 6. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. The problem of the heavy metal, arsenic, in the soil is much wider than this, of course, since it is a byproduct of many industrial and mining activities, and has been a common component of weed killers and. Expression of new pteris vittata phosphate transporter. Root transcripts associated with arsenic accumulation in. The largest genus, pteris brakes, consists of about 300 species distributed throughout tropical and warm temperate parts of the world and is known for the large number of hybrids between various species.
Arsenic, pteris vittata, phytoextraction, volatilization, arsenite, arsenate, greenhouse experiment 1. In vitro induction of polyhaploid and octoploid pteris. The type specimen was collected in china by pehr osbeck. In vitro propagation of a rare medicinal fern of western. In a previous work,20 we conducted subcritical hydrothermal conversion of pteris vittata l. Arsenate reduces copper phytotoxicity in gametophytes of.
Leafblade ellipticoblong in outline, up to 115 x 40 cm, simply pinnate, tapering towards the base. The pinnae were hypostomatous with randomly scattered anomocytic stomatal complexes. The fern pteris vittata is an arsenic as hyperaccumulator and can take up very high concentrations of arsenic from the soil. Qingen xie, xiulan yan, xiaoyong liao, and xia li, state key laboratory of plant cell and chromosome engineering, center of agricultural resources research, institute of genetics and developmental biology. Pteris vittata a1c202c this amazing fern was collected on our 1996 yunnan, china trip in benzilan english for hotel from hell. Pteris definition of pteris by the free dictionary. They are very common along the slopes of hills and can be seen even at 1200 metres above sea. We investigated the interactions of arsenate and phosphate on the uptake and distribution of as and phosphorus p, and as speciation in p.
Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated paddy soils with pteris vittata markedly reduces arsenic uptake by rice wenling yea,b, m. Pteris vittata varies exceedingly in size, density of scales on the rachis, presence or absence of hairs on the abaxial costae, and overall color and aspect of the leaf. A 5year study article pdf available in chemosphere 206 may 2018 with 204 reads how we measure reads. Accumulation and speciation of arsenic in pteris vittata. However, when this plant is exposed to different as and sb speciation, the associated accumulating mechanisms and subsequent assimilation processes of as and sb remain unclear. The fern was growing at a central florida site contaminated with large amounts of copper arsenate in the soil. Arsenic is a naturally occurring, metalloid element that is potentially toxic to most organisms. Thelypteris confluens, athyrium nigripes, pteris vittata, metathelypteris flaccida, pteris gongalensis, pteris confusa, cyathea crinita, cheilanthes viridis, pronephrium articulatum, and nephrolepis multiflora have been multiplied through in vitro culture as a part of ex situ conservation1,1215. Four flavonoids compounds were obtained, the structures were identified as kaempferol 1, quercetin 2, kaempferol3odglucopyranoside 3 and. Arsenic as and antimony sb are chemical analogs that display similar characteristics in the environment.
A vacuolar arsenite transporter necessary for arsenic tolerance in the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern pteris vittata is missing in flowering plants w oa emily indriolo,a gunnam na,b danielle ellis,c david e. The main sporophytic plant body is differentiated into root, rhizomatous stem and leaves fig. The mechanisms of arsenic as hyperaccumulation in pteris vittata, the first identified as hyperaccumulator, are unknown. Pdf uptake and translocation of arsenite and arsenate by. Pteris vittata in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. In this article we will discuss about the structure and reproduction in pteris. Here, we used a onegene transgenic approach for as tolerance and accumulation in arabidopsis thaliana. Pteris vittata interplanting for trapping of arsenic accumulation into potato u. Pteris vittata callus was studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. In addition, an antitumor activity was detected in pteris semipinnata l. The key to growing good pteris is to provide enough humidity and bright, filtered light to keep the plant thriving.
Pteris vittata interplanting for trapping of arsenic. A novel arsenate reductase from the arsenic hyperaccumulating. In order to investigate the flavonoids components of p. The callus obtained in the experiment was relatively slow growing, of the compact type, brownishgreen in colour, tending to brown with age. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Differentially expressed proteins improved the tolerance to arsenic in pteris vittata colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. As a result, it may occasionally bear a resemblance to forms of p. Mechanisms of arsenic hyperaccumulation in pteris vittata. University of california publications in geological sciences 76. Pteris vittata, commonly known variously as the chinese brake, chinese ladder brake, or simply ladder brake, is a fern species in the pteridoideae subfamily of the pteridaceae. Arsenic removal by ashyperaccumulator pteris vittata from two contaminated soils. A protective role for am fungi colonisation in the absence of arsenic was indicated by the. Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil using chinese brake ferns pteris vittata and indian mustard brassica juncea international journal of phytoremediation. The objective of this study was to describe a wide spectrum of surface structural and anatomical details of the chinese brake fern pteris vittata using scanning electron microscopy sem.
Callus induction occurred both in light and dark culture. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Stable transformation of ferns using spores as targets. Chinese brake was first discovered in china by means of field survey and greenhouse cultivation.
However, little is known about its response to cocontamination with arsenic and copper cu. Brief description amanda spooner, monday 20 october 1997. The primary root is ephemeral, and is replaced by a large number of adventitious roots developed all over the surface. Hybrid plants resemble a narrow, skeletonized form of p. Arsenic hyperaccumulation in gametophytes of pteris. Pteris tremula is a terrestrial fern, with its fronds arising from the ground up to 1. In an 18d hydroponic experiment with varying concentrations of arsenate and phosphate, p. The arsenic hyperaccumulating pteris vittata expresses two. Pdf the structure of petioles in pteris pteridaceae. More than a decade after its discovery, we have made great progress in understanding the uptake, transport, and.
Comparative in vivo imaging of arsenic and phosphorus in. Pteris vittata sporophytes hyperaccumulate arsenic to 1% to 2% of their dry weight. In this study, we used an in vitro model system of p. The aim of this study was to investigate the frond proteome of the arsenic hyperaccumulator fern pteris vittata in plants that had been inoculated with one of the two am fungi glomus mosseae or gigaspora margarita with and without arsenic treatment. It has been praised for its potential to remediate soils contaminated with arsenic. Field survey showed that chinese brake had large accumulating capacity to arsenic. In the recent years, researchers have searched for naturally occurring or genetically modified plants. Plants usually grow in well drained places or in the crevices of rocks. Isolation and identification of flavonoids components from.
Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of weeds of the u. Recently, transgenic approaches have been designed to develop as phytoremediation technologies. Uptake and translocation of arsenite and arsenate by pteris vittata l effects of silicon, boron and mercury. Lay and collie, and other officers of the expedition, during the voyage to the pacific and behrings 19783050494. Application has vernacular full name chinese brake name id 53116756b32142efb9547695c92f7d36. This plant may be known by one or more common names in. Zhao, dunham, and mcgrath, 2002, as well as a non pteris fern, pityrogramma. The record derives from tropicos data supplied on 20120418 which reports it as an accepted name record 26602473 with original publication details. Pteris vittata ufifas center for aquatic and invasive.
Surface structure and anatomical aspects of chinese brake. A vacuolar arsenite transporter necessary for arsenic. Provides authoritative information on the flora of western australia. Characterizing the functions of these genes reveals that this fern has evolved a bacteriallike mechanism that allows it. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Interaction of as and sb in the hyperaccumulator pteris. Ferns pteridophyta are nonflowering vascular plants comprised of 250 genera, the second largest group of diversified species in the plant kingdom gifford and foster, 1989. Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil. Three genes define a bacteriallike arsenic tolerance. This plant is listed as rare and endangered in new south wales. Characterization of biofuel production from hydrothermal. Recently, the brake fern pteris vittata has been found to be able to hyperaccumulate as from soil ma et al. Pteris vittata commonly known as brake fern was discovered to have the ability to hyperaccumulate absorb large amounts of arsenic from soil.
Furthermore, the bioconcentration factor, defined as the ratio of shoot as concentration to soil as concentration, was greater than 10. It is indigenous to asia, southern europe, tropical africa and australia. Impacts of phosphate amendments on lead biogeochemistry at a contaminated site. Compared to the 34% level of polyploidy in all leptosporangiate ferns, polyploid speciation is apparently. This work comprised of the comparative study of arsenic as uptake efficiency by pteris vittata and pityrogramma calomelanos grown in i as amended soils 0600 ppm and ii as tainted water 40 ppb using a new compact continuous flow phytofiltration system in a tropical greenhouse. This is a cosmopolitan fern being distributed in almost all geographical regions.
Pdf differentially expressed proteins improved the. These signs include brown leaf margins and dropping leaves, although some leaf drop is typical. Pteris large genus of terrestrial ferns of tropics and subtropics. A novel arsenate reductase from the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern pteris vittata1 danielle r. This study compared the roles of root exudates collected from two fern species, the as hyperaccumulating chinese brake fern pteris vittata l. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Morphology and ploidy level determination of pteris vittata. How does the fern pteris vittata tolerate and accumulate exceptionally high levels of arsenic. Pteris however, prefers tropical and subtropical climates.
The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. Arsenic removal by ashyperaccumulator pteris vittata from. Elemental allelopathy by an arsenic hyperaccumulating fern. Pteris vittata ufifas center for aquatic and invasive plants. Morphological and ploidy changes of the arsenic hyperaccumulator, chinese brake fern pteris vittata callus tissue are described here to provide insight into fern life cycle biology and for possible biotechnology applications. Salt,d,1 and jo ann banksb a department of cell and systems biology, university of toronto, toronto, canada m5s 3b2 b department of botany and plant pathology, purdue university, west. In pteris longifolia, however, the pinnae are articulated to the rachis, whereas in p. Growing on a dry rocky cliff, it was spindly and less than 1 tall, but in our garden the fern has made a stunning deciduous clump 3 tall x 8 wide in 10 years. The sporophyte of the fern pteris vittata is known to hyperaccumulate arsenic as in its fronds to. Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated paddy soils with. Even though it has the beneficial quality of being a natural bioaccumulator, it is still considered an invasive plant and should be managed as such.
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